So, the term octet was created clear up any confusion, specifying a byte of exactly eight bits. The attractive force between atoms is informally measured with this rule. This is the reaction between an acid and a base to give salt and water. However, it applies to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, the halogens, and most metals, especially the alkali metals and alkaline earths. The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that reflects the observation that elements tend to bond in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble gas. The major properties we will study are electronegativity, electron affinity, atomic radius. The number of bits in a byte varies according to the computer architecture, and may range from four to ten. Aug 02, 2011 this lesson discusses why atoms form ions in terms of the octet rule, and how to apply the octet rule in predicting ion formation. Catenationthe ability to form bonds between atoms of the same element. This simple rule is completed by a dictionary of nontypical but knownvalid atom environments that is being maintained in the chemistry development kit cdk.
The rule is especially applicable to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and the halogens, but also to metals such as sodium or magnesium. In the ammonia molecule, these electrons are paired and unshared, meaning that. Octet is listed in the worlds largest and most authoritative dictionary database of abbreviations and acronyms. When complete transfer occurs, the bonding is ionic. The term is often used when the term byte might be ambiguous, as the byte has historically been used for storage units of a variety of sizes. Each link leads to a more comprehensive discussion of the. This lesson discusses why atoms form ions in terms of the octet rule, and how to apply the octet rule in predicting ion formation. Top synonyms for octet other words for octet are byte, ogdoad and octave. Periodicity and the periodic table periodicity repeating trends that are seen in elements properties, and which can be predicted based on an elements position in the periodic table. The octet rule might be a general rule of thumb that may apply to most atoms. Octet definition, a company of eight singers or musicians.
During bonding atoms tend to reach an electron arrangement with eight electrons in the outermost shell. Bytes range from 4 10 bits, but octets are always 8 bits. The value n 12 is octet of electrons and of a covalent frequently chosen. New edition of the bestselling dictionary of computing. Octet is listed in the worlds largest and most authoritative dictionary database of. This alphabetical chemistry dictionary offers definitions and examples of important chemistry and chemical engineering terms. Basically, it may state that every atom might want to have eight valence electrons in its outermost electron shell background. Topics oxford dictionary of chemistry collection opensource language english. Exceptions to the octet rule in those cases where the octet rule does not apply, the substituents attached to the central atom nearly always attain noble gas configurations the central atom does not have a noble gas configuration but may have fewer than 8 or more than 8 electrons. Octet definition and meaning collins english dictionary. It is equivalent to a byte, as long as the byte is also 8 bits. The concept that compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine are more stable if these atoms have eight valence electrons. When one of these atoms has less than eight valence electrons it has an open octet. Pdf as lewis proposed his octet rule, itself inspired by abeggs rule, that a molecule is stable.
The chemical elements with atomic numbers close to those of the noblegas elements tend to combine with other such elements by losing. This gives the atom a valence shell resembling that of a noble gas. The basic formula of the octet rule is straight forward. A stable group of eight electrons in the outer shell of an atom as in an atom of a noble. We also have lists of words that end with octet, and words that start with octet. Generally, the carbocations are unstable because they do not have eight electrons that satisfy the octet rule. Illustrated glossary of organic chemistry octet rule.
However that does not mean you can use this packet as your main notes and write notes in the margins to supplement your learning. This means that they will have access to 8 electrons regularly, even if they do have to share some of them. A group of eight singers or eight instrumentalists. The octet rule in chemistry is the principle that bonded atoms share their eight outer electrons. Orbital notation a notation that displays information about the electrons and orbitals of a given element. The octet rule states that atoms gain or lose electrons to attain an outer shell electron configuration nearest that of a noble gas. Octets definition of octets by the free dictionary. The octet is a unit of digital information in computing and telecommunications that consists of eight bits. The mcgrawhill dictionary of chemistry provides a compendium of 8000 terms that are central to chemistry and related fields of science and technology. The rule is especially applicable to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and the halogens, but also to metals such as sodium. It is an important 8bit designation that has played a significant role in the development of the personal computer pc.
Use this a to z chemistry dictionary to look up definitions of important. Nov 02, 2018 the octet rule states that atoms gain or lose electrons to attain an outer shell electron configuration nearest that of a noble gas. This is done by studying compounds which behave in a similar way because they have a particular atom, or group of atoms, functional group in their structure. It also explains how to determine charge and the difference. Edited by andrew butterfield, gerard ekembe ngondi, and anne kerr oxford quick reference. Chemical equations subatomic structure relative atomic mass. Chemistry dictionary definition of octet rule many representative elements attain at least a share of eight electrons in their valence shells when they form molecular or ionic compounds.
Sep 15, 2019 this alphabetical chemistry dictionary offers definitions and examples of important chemistry and chemical engineering terms. A carbocation is a molecule that has a carbon atom that bears three bonds and a positive formal charge. Basic definitions for organic chemistry scope organic chemistry is a vast subject so is split it into small sections for study. A dictionary of computer science andrew butterfield. The panel agreed to pay the octet a pounds 2,297 special responsibility allowance on top of their pounds 15,783 basic pay. Hydrogen is excluded because it can hold a maximum of 2 electrons in its valence shell.
The octet rule dictates particular electron placement on the orbitals of the atoms nucleus. It is an important 8bit designation that has played a significant role in the development of the personal computer pc and other hardware devices. Octet, in chemistry, the eightelectron arrangement in the outer electron shell of the noblegas atoms. The term octad e for eight bits is no longer common. Oxford dictionary of chemistry addeddate 20150302 08. It is the editors hope that the second edition of the mcgrawhill dictionary of chemistry will serve the needs of scientists, engineers, students, teachers, librarians,andwritersforhighqualityinformation,andthatitwillcontribute toscientific literacy and communication.
According to the bohr model, an atom consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons orbited by a number of electrons. The terms full octet and full valence electron count are not interchangeable although they are often used this way, as eight is not the preferred. A list of words that contain octet, and words with octet in them. Each link leads to a more comprehensive discussion of the word. Over 6,500 entries, approximately 150 new to this edition. Chemistry chem a group of eight electrons forming a stable shell in an atom. A composition for eight voices or eight instruments. The octet rule is likely the most useful way in explaining bonding when learning chemistry.
Illustrated glossary of organic chemistry a product of the institute for reduction of cognitive entropy in organic chemistry the beginning of wisdom is to call things by their proper name. Biology glossary search by atoms will lose, gain or share electrons to achieve the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas 8 valence electrons except for he with 2. Oxidation is the addition of oxygen or the losing of electrons. All right guys, now what i want to do is introduce probably the most important rule in all of chemistry and thats the octet rule. Definition of octet in lewis structures the goal is to make almost all atoms have an octet. Stay up to date on the latest developments in internet terminology with a free newsletter from webopedia. An octet is unit of digital information equal to exactly eight bits. The octet rule refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell. Octet rule article about octet rule by the free dictionary. Octets synonyms, octets pronunciation, octets translation, english dictionary definition of octets. This structure is held responsible for the relative inertness of the noble gases and the chemical behaviour of certain other elements.
Examples of molecular formulas are bh3, c6h6, or c3h5clo. Octet rule simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Please take into account that this entire thing was written over the course of. Orbital is an area within an atom in which it is most likely that electrons will be found. Many representative elements attain at least a share of eight electrons in their valence shells when they form molecular or ionic compounds. Octet definition is a musical composition for eight instruments or voices. With further advances in chemistry, more exceptions to this rule of eight have been found. This page brings back any words that contain the word or letter you enter from a large scrabble dictionary. The octet rule is based on the idea that all atoms on the periodic table eventually want to reach whats called the noble gas configuration. Pdf improvement of the lewisabeggoctet rule using an even. The coverage in this second edition is focused on the the areas of analytical chemistry, general chemistry, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, and spectroscopy, with new.
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